Answer to Question 1
Insulin in type 1 diabetes is the main treatment for correcting the disturbances in fat and protein metabolism secondary to the lack of insulin production in the pancreas, which is responsible for promoting the entry of glucose into the cells to be used as a source of energy. Insulin dose, type, and frequency of administration are adjusted to maintain normal levels of glucose.
For type 2 diabetes, first line management is by diet and weight reduction. Oral hypoglycemic drugs are added if the patient is not optimally responding, and finally, insulin may be added to the regimen. In type 2, the beta cells are able to secrete insulin but the tissues are insensitive to its action. Insulin is still given to some patients as the amount of insulin produced is not enough to compensate for the insulin resistance.
Answer to Question 2
Engaging in oral-genital sexual practices with an increase in cases over the years
The isolation of insulin by Banting, Best, McLeod, and Collip.
Stem cell research may cure diabetes, but lacks funding
Glucagon- and insulin-secreting cells in the islets of Langerhans
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The insulin receptor and its structural relationship to other transmembrane receptors with protein
Microscopic view of glucagon and insulin secreting cells in the islet Langerhan