A patient brought to the emergency room (ER) with severe burns is ...

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A patient brought to the emergency room (ER) with severe burns is requesting something for the excruciating pain and is medicated with morphine, which blocks which of the following neuro-transmitters, thus reducing the pain?
 
  a. Enkephalin
  b. Dopamine
  c. Acetylcholine
  d. Substance P

Question 2

A 19-year-old college student reports to his primary care provider that he cannot stay awake in class regardless of how much sleep he gets. Under-stimulation of which area of the brain is likely the site of the problem?
 
  a. Corpora quadrigemina
  b. Reticular activating system
  c. Cerebellum
  d. Hypothalamus

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Answer to Question 1

ANS: D
Substance P is a neurotransmitter in pain transmission pathways. Blocking the release of sub-stance P by morphine reduces pain. The opiates morphine and heroin bind to endorphin and enkephalin receptors on presynaptic neurons. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in activity. Acetylcholine plays a role in nerve conduction presynaptically.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: B
The reticular activating system is responsible for wakefulness, not the corpora quadrigemina, the cerebellum, or the hypothalamus.

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