A 75-year-old male presents with chest pain on exertion. The ...

[K@]

A 75-year-old male presents with chest pain on exertion. The chest pain is most likely due to hy-poxic injury secondary to:
 
  a. malnutrition.
  b. free radicals.
  c. ischemia.
  d. chemical toxicity.

Question 2

Sodium and water accumulation in an injured cell are a direct result of:
 
  a. decreased ATP production.
  b. karyorrhexis.
  c. ribosome detachment.
  d. dehydration.

[parker125]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: C
The cardiac cells are deprived of oxygen, leading to ischemia, a reduction in blood supply to tis-sues. The cells are deprived of oxygen; they are not malnourished. Free radicals are electrically uncharged atoms or groups of atoms that have an unpaired electron. Chemical toxicity is not a factor in the chest pain.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A
A reduction in ATP levels causes the plasma membrane's sodium-potassium (Na+-K+) pump and sodium-calcium exchange to fail. Sodium and water can then enter the cell freely. Karyorrhexis means fragmentation of the nucleus into smaller particles or nuclear dust. Ribosome detach-ment reduces protein synthesis. Dehydration leads to loss of sodium and water.