A 51-year-old woman diagnosed with a cerebrovascular accident ...

[swpotter12]

A 51-year-old woman diagnosed with a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) 5 months prior is distressed that she has had several recent episodes of urinary incontinence. She has asked her nurse practitioner why this is the case.
 
  Which of the following statements best captures the fact that would underlie the nurse's response to the client?
  A)
  Neurological diseases like MS often result in flaccid bladder dysfunction.
  B)
  She may be unable to sense her bladder filling as a result of her MS.
  C)
  Lesions to the basal ganglia or extrapyramidal tract associated with MS inhibit detrusor contraction.
  D)
  Pathological reductions in bladder volume brought on my MS necessitate frequent micturition.

Question 2

A client with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus presents to the emergency department with suspected ketoacidosis. Which of the following diagnostic results would most likely confirm this diagnosis?
 
  A)
  Low O2 levels, increased anion gap, base excess
  B)
  High ammonia levels, decreased anion gap, high potassium
  C)
  Increased anion gap, base deficit
  D)
  Decreased anion gap, decreased urine ammonium level

[recede]

Answer to Question 1

Ans:
B

Feedback:

MS may result in neurogenic bladder characterized by an inability to sense filling and consequent incontinence. She is not demonstrating the signs of a flaccid bladder, and lesions to the basal ganglia or extrapyramidal tract are associated with Parkinson disease, not MS. Her disease is unlikely to directly reduce bladder volume.

Answer to Question 2

Ans:
C

Feedback:

Increased CO2 levels, an increased anion gap, and a base deficit are all associated with an acidotic state. Base excess, low oxygen, high potassium, high ammonia, and decreased anion gap would not suggest acidosis.

[swpotter12]

Gracias!

[parshano]

Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it