A 66-year-old client's echocardiogram report reveals a ...

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A 66-year-old client's echocardiogram report reveals a hypertrophied left ventricle. The health care provider suspects the client has aortic stenosis.
 
  Which of the following clinical manifestations would be observed if this client has aortic stenosis? Select all that apply.
  A)
  Decrease in exercise tolerance
  B)
  Exertional dyspnea
  C)
  Palpitations
  D)
  Syncope
  E)
  Heartburn

Question 2

A physician is explaining to a group of medical students the concept of Virchow triad as it applies to venous thrombosis.
 
  Which of the following clinical observations of a 50-year-old male client is most likely unrelated to a component of Virchow triad?
  A)
  The man has decreased cardiac output and an ejection fraction of 30.
  B)
  The man's prothrombin time and international normalized ratio (INR) are both low.
  C)
  The man has a previous history of a dissecting aneurysm.
  D)
  There is bilateral, brown pigmentation of his lower legs.

[emilymalinowski12]

Answer to Question 1

Ans:
A, B, D

Feedback:

Because of the slow onset of aortic valve stenosis, the heart is able to compensate by hypertrophying and may still maintain a normal chamber volume and ejection fraction. As the stenosis progresses, the patient will experience classic symptoms of angina, syncope, heart failure, and decrease in exercise tolerance or exertional dyspnea. Palpitations and heartburn are not usually noted with aortic stenosis.

Answer to Question 2

Ans:
A

Feedback:

Cardiac output is not a component of Virchow triad. However, decreased INR and prothrombin time indicate hypercoagulability; a dissecting aneurysm is an example of vessel wall injury; and pigmentation in the lower legs indicates stasis of blood.