A female patient with a recent diagnosis of systemic lupus ...

[jparksx]

A female patient with a recent diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been told that this is an autoimmune disease whereby the immune system is attacking the body's cells and tissues.
 
  She knows that she has inflammation and tissue damage. She asks her nurse to explain What cells in the body are triggering this inflammation? The nurse responds that
  A)
  mainly the adrenocorticoids like cortisone are responsible for all your inflammation.
  B)
  mineralocorticoids like aldosterone usually begin the process of inflammation.
  C)
  the lymphocytes that migrate to the brain, where they secrete cytokines, which trigger inflammation.
  D)
  primarily, this acute stress reaction is associated with stimulation of the autonomic nervous system that causes stiffness in the joints.

Question 2

A school-age child with a history of asthma has brought a note home from school stating that there has been one case of meningitis (Neisseria meningitides) in the school.
 
  Since the mother is a nurse, she is very concerned since she knows the portal of entry of this pathogen is
  A)
  by inhalation via the respiratory tract such as through breathing or yawning.
  B)
  by direct contact with a contaminated object such as a pencil.
  C)
  by ingestion such as when children share their drink with their friends.
  D)
  through a cut or abrasion that may occur on the playground.

[vickyvicksss]

Answer to Question 1

Ans:
C

Feedback:

Immune cells such as monocytes and lymphocytes can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and take up residence in the brain, where they secrete chemical messengers called cytokines that influence the stress response. This triggers inflammation.

Answer to Question 2

Ans:
A

Feedback:

Neisseria meningitides is one of a number of pathogens that invade the body through the respiratory tract.