Answer to Question 1
ANS: B
Paraphimosis is a condition in which the foreskin has been retracted and cannot be advanced forward to its normal position over the glans. It results from chronic inflammation under the foreskin and is commonly preceded by poor personal hygiene, chronic balanitis or balanoposthitis, or poor control of diabetes mellitus. Over time, a tight ring of tissue forms when the foreskin is retracted, resulting in additional edema to the glans with retraction of the foreskin. Paraphimosis is a urologic emergency; the patient should be referred to a urologist for further evaluation and management because arterial occlusion and necrosis of the glans and distal urethra may result.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: B
Cryptorchidism is the condition in which one or both testes have failed to descend normally into the scrotum. Descent may have stopped at any point between the renal and scrotal areas, but most commonly, the undescended testes are found in the inguinal canal. In male infants with undescended testes, more than half will descend into the scrotum during the first month after birth.
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