Answer to Question 1
4
The symptoms suggest autonomic hyperreflexia, a medical emergency. The client should be checked for a distended bladder and be prepared for catheterization. Pain medication, positioning, or reducing environmental stimuli will not treat the underlying cause of autonomic hyperreflexia.
Answer to Question 2
1, 2, 4
Patients who have no hearing have access to various mechanisms to alert them to various sounds. Flashing lights for alarms to phones and doorbells, TV with closed captions for the hearing impaired, and classes in lip reading and sign language are some options. Talking computers and cell phones with headsets are advancements for the hearing, not for the hearing impaired. Loud ringers on telephones would also be helpful to the client with some hearing and not a total hearing loss.