Answer to Question 1
Answer: D
This student is exhibiting empirical knowing as the student is able to analyze the different theories of caring. Aesthetic knowing is the art of nursing and is expressed in creativity and style in meeting the needs of the client. Personal knowing is concerned with knowing, encountering, and actualizing the concrete, individual self. Ethical knowing focuses on matters of obligation or what ought to be done, and goes beyond simply following the ethical codes of the discipline. Empirical knowledge is systematic and helps to describe, explain, and predict phenomena.
Answer to Question 2
Answer: C
The client is the center of the team, and the goal is to facilitate healing. There are always other options to consider to reach that goal. The nurse would discuss other options with the client, which will most likely increase cooperation by the client, who will feel in control as the decision is made. By leaving the room, the nurse and doctor have turned their backs on the client. The client may not understand the recommendations, but pointing that out can be seen as demeaning. Telling the client that the doctor only wants what is best sends the message that the client does not know what is best, when, in fact, a well-informed client does know what is best and should be able to make the correct choice.
