The nurse is planning care for several clients. Which client has ...

[BRWH]

The nurse is planning care for several clients. Which client has the greatest risk of developing heart failure?
 
  A) A 69-year-old African-American male with hypertension
  B) A 50-year-old African-American female who smokes
  C) A 75-year-old Caucasian male who is overweight
  D) A 52-year-old Caucasian female with asthma

Question 2

A client with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has a nursing diagnosis of Impaired Gas Exchange. Which action is inappropriate when providing care based on this nursing diagnosis?
 
  A) Place client in low-Fowler position to improve gas exchange.
  B) Monitor the client's oxygen saturation continuously.
  C) Maintain bed rest.
  D) Encourage deep breathing and coughing.

[mmpiza]

Answer to Question 1

Answer: A

Age, race, and hypertension lead to an increased risk for developing heart failure. Race and smoking are risk factors, but being female and younger decreases the overall risk. Age and obesity are risk factors, but not as much as age, being African-American, and having hypertension. Asthma is not considered a significant risk factor in the development of heart failure.

Answer to Question 2

Answer: A

Micro clots in the pulmonary vasculature are likely to interfere with gas exchange in the client with DIC. The nurse should place the client in Fowler or high-Fowler position to improve gas exchange. Monitoring the client's oxygen saturation continuously, maintaining bed rest, and encouraging deep breathing and coughing are all interventions the nurse should implement.