The nurse is performing an examination of the anus and rectum. ...

[nummyann]

The nurse is performing an examination of the anus and rectum. Which of these statements is correct and important to remember during this examination?
 
  a. The rectum is approximately 8 cm long.
  b. The anorectal junction cannot be palpated.
  c. Above the anal canal, the rectum turns anteriorly.
  d. No sensory nerves are in the anal canal or rectum.

Question 2

Which statement concerning the sphincters is correct?
 
  a. The internal sphincter is under voluntary control.
  b. The external sphincter is under voluntary control.
  c. Both sphincters remain slightly relaxed at all times.
  d. The internal sphincter surrounds the external sphincter.

[Moriaki]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: B
The anal columns are folds of mucosa that extend vertically down from the rectum and end in the anorectal junction. This junction is not palpable but is visible on proctoscopy. The rectum is 12 cm long; just above the anal canal, the rectum dilates and turns posteriorly.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: B
The external sphincter surrounds the internal sphincter but also has a small section overriding the tip of the internal sphincter at the opening. The external sphincter is under voluntary control. Except for the passing of feces and gas, the sphincters keep the anal canal tightly closed.