1. Psychoanalytic theory - founder Sigmound Frued - This school of thought emphasizes the importance of early childhood experience in laying the foundation for future development in the person. This model contends that the majority of our behaviors are driven by unseen and unknown forces (the subconscious) id, ego and superego, which seek to protect the self. It places emphasis on concepts such as defense mechanisms, psychosexual development in early years, oedipus complexes, etc.
2. Behaviorism - BF Skinner, Watson - This perspective emphasizes the importance of reinforcement (reward) and avoidance of punishment as the driving forces behind human behavior. This perspective is far less interested in previous experience (or the why) and more interested in the consequences that follow the given behavior (what.) It places emphasis on concepts such as classical vs operant conditioning, ABA, and principles of reinforcement (rewards).
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A nerve cell (neuron) has extensions called dendrites