Answer to Question 1
The affect heuristic influences people to make decisions based on their initial affective (gut) reactions.
Answer to Question 2
Sytem-2 thinking is useful for judgments in unfamiliar situations, for processing abstract concepts, and for deliberating when there is time for planning and more comprehensive consideration. Humans use heuristic maneuvers in System-2 thinking as well, often integrated as components of logical arguments. When we share our reflective interpretations, analyses, evaluations, and inferences, we are offering explanations. Thus, critical thinking is self-regulated System-2 thinking. Critical thinking is System-2 thinking focused on resolving the problem at hand and at the same time monitoring and self-correcting one's own process of thinking about that problem.
