While palpating the fontanels of a 1-month-old infant, the nurse ...

[B]

While palpating the fontanels of a 1-month-old infant, the nurse finds the posterior fontanel to be 2 to 3 cm. The nurse is aware that this finding occurs with which of the following conditions or disorders?
 
  a. diabetes c. cerebral palsy
  b. premature birth d. congenital hypothyroidism

Question 2

Which of the following treatments is used for compartment syndrome?
 
  a. immediately administer at least one unit of whole blood
  b. place the client in the Trendelenburg position and call a code
  c. split the cast if one is present or do a fasciotomy to relieve pressure
  d. use a blanket or device to lower the temperature

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Answer to Question 1

D

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A Incorrect. A posterior fontanel greater than 1.5 cm in diameter is abnormal but does not occur with diabetes.
B Incorrect. A posterior fontanel greater than 1.5 cm in diameter is abnormal but does not occur with premature birth.
C Incorrect. A posterior fontanel greater than 1.5 cm in diameter is abnormal but does not occur with cerebral palsy.
D Correct. A posterior fontanel greater than 1.5 cm in diameter is abnormal and occurs with congenital hypothyroidism.

Answer to Question 2

C

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A Incorrect. This is not an appropriate treatment for compartment syndrome.
B Incorrect. This is not an appropriate treatment for compartment syndrome.
C Correct. Treatment for compartment syndrome involves immediate relief of the pressure by splitting the cast if one is present or performing a surgical intervention called a fasciotomy. In this surgical procedure an incision is made along the outside of the compartment, thus relieving the pressure and allowing for adequate perfusion.
D Incorrect. This is not an appropriate treatment for compartment syndrome.

[B]

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