Answer to Question 1
D
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A Incorrect. In the neonatal period and early infancy, hydrocephalus is regarded as a primary dysfunction, and aqueductal stenosis is one of the causes.
B Incorrect. In the neonatal period and early infancy, hydrocephalus is regarded as a primary dysfunction, and meningomyelocele is one of the causes.
C Incorrect. Noncommunicating or obstructive hydrocephalus, responsible for most occurrences in children, is secondary to various congenital malformations.
D Correct. Older children and adolescents usually have hydrocephalus due to intracranial tumors, infection (meningitis), or head injury.
Answer to Question 2
C
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A Incorrect. To encourage caregivers to share their concerns and ask questions, a nurse would not let the family know that the nurse's time is limited.
B Incorrect. To encourage caregivers to share their concerns and ask questions, a nurse would not periodically advise the family of the amount of time left.
C Correct. Nurses need to convey they have time to spend with the child and the family. This will allow the family to share thoughts and concerns and ask questions.
D Incorrect. To encourage caregivers to share their concerns and ask questions, a nurse would not socialize with the family and child so they feel comfortable with the nurse.
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