The patient at 14 weeks' gestation has undergone a transvaginal ...

[rosent76]

The patient at 14 weeks' gestation has undergone a transvaginal ultrasound to assess cervical length. The ultrasound revealed cervical funneling. How should the nurse explain these findings to the patient? Your cervix:
 
  1. Has become cone-shaped and more open at the end near the baby.
  2. Is shortened, and you will deliver your baby prematurely.
  3. Is short, and has become wider at the end that extends into the vagina.
  4. Was beginning to open but now is starting to close up again.

Question 2

The nurse in the OB-GYN clinic counsels a couple that in autosomal dominant inheritance, which of the following occur? Note: Credit will be given only if all correct and no incorrect choices are selected. Select all that apply.
 
  1. An affected individual might have an affected parent.
  2. The affected individual has a 75 chance of passing on the abnormality.
  3. Males and females are equally affected by the gene.
  4. A father can pass the defective gene to a son.
  5. There are no variances in the genetic pattern for autosomal dominant disorders.

[ergserg]

Answer to Question 1

1
Rationale 1: Transvaginal ultrasound involves inserting a small transducer into the vagina to perform the ultrasound exam. Cervical funneling is a widening of the portion of the cervix that attaches to the uterus. The outer os of the cervix can be closed while the upper portion is dilating. This can be an indicator of an incompetent cervix or preterm labor.
Rationale 2: The outer os of the cervix can be closed while the upper portion is dilating. This can be an indicator of an incompetent cervix or preterm labor.
Rationale 3: Transvaginal ultrasound involves inserting a small transducer into the vagina to perform the ultrasound exam. Cervical funneling is a widening of the portion of the cervix that attaches to the uterus.
Rationale 4: Cervical change in pregnancy is progressive, and the cervix does not spontaneously constrict or close again until after delivery.

Answer to Question 2

1,3,4
Rationale 1: null
Rationale 2: An affected individual has a 50 chance of passing on the abnormal gene.
Rationale 3: Males and females are equally affected in autosomal dominant disorders.
Rationale 4: In autosomal dominant disorders, the father can pass the defective gene to a son.
Rationale 5: Autosomal dominant inherited disorders have varying degrees of presentatione.g., a child can have a more severe form than the parent does.