Answer to Question 1
A
The peak action for Regular (short-acting) insulin is 2 to 3 hours after subcutaneous administration. The duration of Regular (short-acting) insulin is only 3 to 6 hours. Peak action occurs 2 to 3 hours after the insulin is administered. Subcutaneously administered Regular (short-acting) insulin has an onset of action of 30 to 60 minutes after injection. The effectiveness of subcutaneously administered, short-acting insulin cannot be assessed immediately after administration. Thirty minutes corresponds to the onset of action for Regular (short-acting) insulin.
Answer to Question 2
A
When hypocalcemia is present, neonates may display twitching, tremors, irritability, jitteriness, electrocardiographi c changes, and, rarely, seizures. An infant with hypothyroidism may exhibit skin mottling, a large fontanel, a large tongue, hypotonia, slow reflexes, a distended abdomen, prolonged jaundice, lethargy, constipation, feeding problems, and coldness to touch. Hypoglycemia causes the neonate to exhibit jitteriness, poor feeding, lethargy, seizures, and respiratory alterations including apnea, hypotonia, high-pitched cry, bradycardia, cyanosis, and temperature instability. Infants with PKU may initially have digestive problems with vomiting, and they may have a musty or mousy odor to the urine, infantile eczema, hypertonia, and hyperactive behavior.
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