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Vital signs (blood pressure, temperature, pulse rate, respiration rate) should be taken before any drug administration. Patients should be informed not to use tobacco or caffeine at least 30 minutes before their appointment.
Normal urine is sterile. It contains fluids, salts, and waste products. It is free of bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
To combat osteoporosis, changes in lifestyle and diet are recommended. At-risk patients should include 1,200 to 1,500 mg of calcium daily either via dietary means or with supplements.
Cancer has been around as long as humankind, but only in the second half of the twentieth century did the number of cancer cases explode.
Approximately 15–25% of recognized pregnancies end in miscarriage. However, many miscarriages often occur before a woman even knows she is pregnant.
![Testing Visual Fields by Confrontation: The nurse and patient should be approximately at an eye to e](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_2137_23_05_12_12_19_58.jpeg)
![(A) A 62-year-old patient with myxedema exhibiting marked edema of the face and a somnolent look. Th](https://biology-forums.com/gallery/47/medium_14755_07_10_12_2_58_08_93192222.jpeg)