Answer to Question 1
B, C, D
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Correct Flat nipples appear soft, like the areola, and do not stand erect unless
stimulated by rolling them between the fingers. Inverted nipples are
retracted into the breast tissue. These nipples appear normal; however,
they will draw inward when the areola is compressed by the infant's
mouth. Dome-shaped devices known as breast shells can be worn during
the last weeks of pregnancy and between feedings after birth. The shells
are placed inside the bra with the opening over the nipple. The shells exert
slight pressure against the areola to help the nipples protrude. The
helpfulness of breast shells is debated. A breast pump can be used to draw
the nipples out before feedings after delivery.
Incorrect Everted nipples protrude and are normal. No intervention will be required.
Cracked, blistered, and bleeding nipples occur after breastfeeding has been
initiated and are the result of improper latch. The infant should be
repositioned during feeding. Application of colostrum and breast milk
after feedings will aid in healing.
Answer to Question 2
exstrophy
The exposed bladder is covered with nonadherent plastic wrap until surgery can be done.
Surgical management is completed in several stages and includes closing the abdominal
defect and reconstructing the bladder and genitalia to allow the child to achieve urinary
incontinence.
This older woman is exploring new avenues of enjoyment as she avoids stagnation in her later years
Nurse opens sterile package
School age (late childhood): 6–12 years, or to puberty.
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