The nurse is preparing a presentation to a local community group ...

[jCorn1234]

The nurse is preparing a presentation to a local community group about genetic disorders and the types of congenital anomalies that can occur. Which of the following would the nurse include as a major congenital anomaly?
 
  A) Overlapping digits
  B) Polydactyly
  C) Umbilical hernia
  D) Cleft palate

Question 2

When teaching a class about trisomy 21, the instructor would identify this disorder as due to which of the following?
 
  A) Nondisjunction
  B) X-linked recessive inheritance
  C) Genomic imprinting
  D) Autosomal dominant inheritance

[lauravaras]

Answer to Question 1

D
Response:
Cleft palate is considered a major congenital anomaly, one that creates a significant medical problem or requires surgical or medical management. Overlapping digits, polydactyly, and umbilical hernia are considered minor congenital anomalies because they do not cause an increase in morbidity in and of themselves.

Answer to Question 2

A
Response:
Trisomy 21 is an example of a genetic disorder involving an abnormality in chromosomal number due to nondisjunction. X-linked recessive inheritance disorders, such as hemophilia and Duchenne muscular dystrophy, involve altered genes on the X chromosome. Genomic imprinting disorders, such as Prader-Willi syndrome, involve expression of only the maternal or paternal allele, with the other being inactive. Autosomal dominant inheritance disorders, such as neurofibromatosis and achondroplasia, involve a single gene in the heterozygous state that is capable of producing the phenotype, thus overshadowing the normal gene.