Author Question: The nurse is creating a poster for pregnant mothers. Which description of fetal development should ... (Read 71 times)

strangeaffliction · **on:** Jun 28, 2018

The nurse is creating a poster for pregnant mothers. Which description of fetal development should the nurse include?

1. Four layers of cells form after the embryo is at the ball stage.
2. After fertilization, the cells only become larger for several weeks.
3. Most organs are formed by 8 weeks after fertilization.
4. The embryonic stage is from fertilization until 5 months.

Question 2

The nurse is planning an educational presentation on hyperbilirubinemia for nursery nurses. Which statement is most important to include in the presentation?

1. Conjugated bilirubin is eliminated in the conjugated state.
2. Unconjugated bilirubin is neurotoxic, and cannot cross the placenta.
3. Total bilirubin is the sum of the direct and indirect levels.
4. Antibiotics decrease the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia.

joanwhite · **Reply #1 on:** Jun 28, 2018

Answer to Question 1

3
Rationale:
1. Three primary germ layers form from the ball of undifferentiated cells called the blastocyst: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
2. After fertilization, the cells reproduce by mitosis, resulting in more cells, not larger cells.
3. Most organs are formed during the embryonic stage, which lasts from the 15th day after fertilization until the end of the 8th week after fertilization.
4. The embryonic stage begins on the 15th day after fertilization and ends at the completion of the 8th week after fertilization.

Answer to Question 2

3
Rationale:
1. Conjugated bilirubin can be transformed back into unconjugated bilirubin prior to excretion by -glucuronidase enzyme if gut bacteria have not transformed it into urobilinogen.
2. Unconjugated bilirubin is neurotoxic, but crosses the placenta during fetal life for the maternal GI system to conjugate and excrete.
3. This is true. Conjugated bilirubin is also referred to as direct, while unconjugated bilirubin is also referred to as indirect.
4. Because of the role of gut bacteria in converting conjugated bilirubin into urobilinogen, neonates who have been administered antibiotics have an increased incidence of hyperbilirubinemia.