Following an automobile accident, an eight-year-old child is ...

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Following an automobile accident, an eight-year-old child is admitted to the emergency department with injuries that lead to hemorrhaging.
 
  The nurse would recognize the early signs of hypovolemic shock would include: Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Increased work of breathing.
  2. Pulse rate of 56.
  3. Heart rate 130.
  4. Capillary refill time greater than three seconds.
  5. Blood pressure 72/42.

Question 2

The parents of a one-month-old infant are concerned that their baby seems different from their other child, and they ask the nurse if this is normal.
 
  The nurse informs them that it is normal for babies to have different temperaments and that according to the temperament theory of Chess and Thomas, one of the characteristics of the slow-to-warm-up child is that he: 1. Initially reacts to new situations by withdrawing.
  2. Commonly has intense reactions to the environment.
  3. Displays a predominately negative mood.
  4. Shows a regularity in patterns of eating.

[LegendaryAnswers]

Answer to Question 1

1,3,4
Rationale 1: Increased work of breathing is an early sign of shock, indicating compensation for decreased cardiac output and volume.
Rationale 2: Bradycardia is a late and ominous sign of shock indicating that the child is no longer able to compensate.
Rationale 3: Tachycardia is an early compensatory mechanism for hypovolemia in a child.
Rationale 4: Decreased capillary refill time would be an early indicator of decreased fluid volume and compensation.
Rationale 5: Decreased blood pressure is a later finding and would not occur until other compensatory mechanisms were exhausted.
Global

Answer to Question 2

1
Rationale 1: Slow-to-warm-up children adapt slowly to new situations and initially will withdraw.
Rationale 2: Commonly having intense reactions to the environment is a characteristic of difficult children.
Rationale 3: Displaying a predominately negative mood to the environment is a characteristic of difficult children.
Rationale 4: Showing regularity in patterns of eating is a characteristic of an easy child.
Global Rationale:

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