Answer to Question 1
ANS: A
Bone demineralization leads to a negative calcium balance, osteoporosis, pathologic fractures, extraosseous bone formation, and renal calculi. Urinary retention is secondary to the effect of immobilization on the urinary tract. Pooling of blood is a result of the cardiovascular effects of immobilization. Susceptibility to infection can result from the effects of immobilization on the respiratory and renal systems.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: A
The physiologic effects of immobilization, as a result of decreased muscle contraction, include venous stasis. This can lead to pulmonary emboli or thrombi. A decreased vasopressor mechanism results in orthostatic hypotension, syncope, hypotension, decreased cerebral blood flow, and tachycardia. An altered distribution of blood volume is found with decreased cardiac workload and exercise tolerance. Immobilization causes a decreased efficiency of orthostatic neurovascular reflexes with an inability to adapt readily to the upright position and with pooling of blood in the extremities in the upright position.
Variation in climatic conditions result in geographic variation in the distribution of biome types a
A melanistic jaguar at the Henry Doorly Zoo. Melanism is the result of a dominant allele and remains
Sickle cell anemia. The clinical manifestations of sickle cell anemia result from pathologic changes
Benign Primary Bone Tumors
Drug tolerance: A shift in the dose-response curve to the right as a result of exposure to the drug.
Inflamed skin (dermatitis) can result from pellagra