Physiologic measurements in children's pain assessment are: a. ...

[HCHenry]

Physiologic measurements in children's pain assessment are:
 
  a. the best indicator of pain in children of all ages.
  b. essential to determine whether a child is telling the truth about pain.
  c. of most value when children also report having pain.
  d. of limited value as sole indicator of pain.

Question 2

Nonpharmacologic strategies for pain management:
 
  a. may reduce pain perception.
  b. make pharmacologic strategies unnecessary.
  c. usually take too long to implement.
  d. trick children into believing they do not have pain.

[JCABRERA33]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: D
Physiologic manifestations of pain may vary considerably, not providing a consistent measure of pain. Heart rate may increase or decrease. The same signs that may suggest fear, anxiety, or anger also indicate pain. In chronic pain, the body adapts, and these signs decrease or stabilize. Physiologic measurements are of limited value and must be viewed in the context of a pain-rating scale, behavioral assessment, and parental report. When the child states that pain exists, it does. That is the truth.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: A
Nonpharmacologic techniques provide coping strategies that may help reduce pain perception, make the pain more tolerable, decrease anxiety, and enhance the effectiveness of analgesics. Nonpharmacologic techniques should be learned before the pain occurs. With severe pain, it is best to use both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic measures for pain control. The nonpharmacologic strategy should be matched with the child's pain severity and taught to the child before the onset of the painful experience. Some of the techniques may facilitate the child's experience with mild pain, but the child will still know the discomfort was present.

[HCHenry]

Thanks for the timely response, appreciate it

[xiazhe]

Wow, this really help