Answer to Question 1
ANS: A
Because of their egocentrism and transductive reasoning, preschoolers believe that thoughts are all powerful. Believing God is an imaginary friend is an example of concrete thinking in a preschooler's spiritual development. Cause-and-effect implies logical thought, not magical thinking. Believing that if the skin is broken, the insides will come out is an example of concrete thinking in development of body image.
Answer to Question 2
ANS: B
A 4-year-old child understands time in relation to events such as meals. Children perceive soon as a very short time. The nurse may lose the child's trust if his parents do not return in the time he perceives as soon. Children cannot read or use a clock for practical purposes until age 7 years. I will tell you every time I see you how much longer it will be assumes the child understands the concepts of hours and minutes, which does not occur until age 5 or 6 years.
Critical Thinking Skills chart
Still thinking
Health Belief Model
Nonverbal communications convey strong, powerful messages that may be negative or positive.
Critical Thinking Model
Piaget’s Three-Mountain Problem