What preventive measures should the nurse teach parents of ...

[urbanoutfitters]

What preventive measures should the nurse teach parents of toddlers to prevent early childhood caries? (Select all that apply.)
 
  a. Avoid using a bottle as a pacifier.
  b. Eliminate bedtime bottles completely.
  c. Place juice in a bottle for the child to drink.
  d. Wean from the bottle by 18 months of age.
  e. Avoid coating pacifiers in a sweet substance.

Question 2

A toddler is in the sensorimotor, tertiary circular reactions stage of cognitive development. What behavior should the nurse expect to assess? (Select all that apply.)
 
  a. Refers to self by pronoun
  b. Gestures up and down
  c. Able to insert round object into a hole
  d. Can find hidden objects but only in the first location
  e. Uses future-oriented words, such as tomorrow

[SAUXC]

Answer to Question 1

ANS: A, B, E
Prevention of dental caries involves eliminating the bedtime bottle completely, feeding the last bottle before bedtime, substituting a bottle of water for milk or juice, not using the bottle as a pacifier, and never coating pacifiers in sweet substances. Juice in bottles, especially commercially available ready-to-use bottles, is discouraged; these beverages are especially damaging because the sugar is more readily converted to acid. Juice should always be offered in a cup to avoid prolonging the bottle-feeding habit. Toddlers should be encouraged to drink from a cup at the first birthday and weaned from a bottle by 14 months of age, not 18 months.

Answer to Question 2

ANS: B, C, D
Children in the sensorimotor, tertiary circular reactions stage of cognitive development show the behaviors of gesturing up and down, have the ability to insert round objects into a hole, and can find hidden objects but only in the first location. The behaviors of referring to oneself by pronoun and using future-oriented words such as tomorrow are seen in the preoperational stage of cognitive development.

[urbanoutfitters]

Excellent

[Kedrick2014]

TYSM