Answer to Question 1
The four levels or types of scale measurement are as follows:
(1) Nominal scale: represents the most elementary level of measurement. It assigns a value to an object for identification or classification purposes. The value can be a number, but does not have to be, because no quantities are being represented.
(2) Ordinal scale: ranking scales allowing things to be arranged based on how much of some concepts they possess. They have nominal properties, but they also allow things to be arranged based on how much of some concept they possess.
(3) Interval scale: has both nominal and ordinal properties, but also captures information about differences in quantities of a concept. Unlike ordinal scales, it captures relative quantities in the form of distances between observations.
(4) Ratio scale: represents the highest form of measurement in that is has all the properties of an interval scale with the additional attribute representing absolute quantities. Interval scales represent only relative meaning whereas ratio scales represent absolute meaning. Therefore, zero has meaning in that it represents an absence of some concept.
Answer to Question 2
b
Tertiary and quaternary levels of structure
Example of Tabular List organization levels and formatting.
Advection of cold and warm air at different levels.
Weight Scale
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An overview of the levels of organization in nature