Answer to Question 1
In an oligopoly with identical products, firms engage in tough competition in trying to gain market share. As a result, the market outcome is the same as it would be in a perfectly competitive industry: price equals marginal cost. This competitiveness comes from the fact that any one firm can steal all of the market from the other by dropping price only slightly. This incentive to undercut other firms' prices leads all firms to drop their prices to marginal cost.
Answer to Question 2
The tobacco industry has been dominated by a handful of firms for many decades and advertised heavily prior to the passage of this law. To survive, each firm responds in kind. If one firm drops out of the race, it will certainly lose out. Advertising of this sort may not increase demand for the product or improve profitability for the industry. Instead, it is often a zero sum gamea game in which the sum of the gains equals the sum of the losses. Tobacco company executives likely realized this zero sum game character of their advertising efforts and rightly understood that the only way to increase industry-wide profits would be if everyone were prevented from advertising. This could only be achieved through law.
The wild radish, Raphanus sativus, has become a model for studying the mating behaviour of plants.
DNA molecules replicate to form identical chromatids
Critical thinking model for safety assessment
The Railroads: Moving Agricultural Products to Eastern Markets, 1890
Selected Natural Products
"The Department of Agriculture came out today with its prediction for food price