Answer to Question 1
It is a simple demonstration of how majority voting can lead to seemingly contradictory and inconsistent results.
Answer to Question 2
a. A free rider is a person who receives the benefit of a good but avoids paying for it. People tend to pursue their own private interests and usually don't contribute voluntarily to the public interest. For example, watching a pirated copy of a movie is cheaper than buying one. Those who watch the pirated version are essentially free riders because there are others who buy the movie or pay for movie tickets. If everyone watched pirated copies, making movies would not be profitable and the industry would not function.
b. Cleaning of city streets may be subject to free riding. Suppose the streets are cleaned every day at a fixed cost. This cost is borne by those who pay taxes to the city government. However, they cannot prevent others who do not pay taxes from using the clean streets. This leads to the free rider problem. Public parks, however, can avoid the free rider problem by setting an entrance fee. This means that only those who pay toward the maintenance and upkeep of the park will be able to use it.
Basic Types of Energy
Basic brain diagram
A basic principle of symbolic interactionism is that meaning is not inherent in an object or event, ...
The Three Major Doshas-Basic Constitutional Types
Human Communication: The Basic Course, 14th Edition