As a result of emancipation, (a) black labor force ...

[joe]

As a result of emancipation,
 
  (a) black labor force participation increased by 1/3.
  (b) black labor force participation declined by 1/3.
  (c) amazingly, black labor force participation remained essentially unchanged.
  (d) average wages of black workers rose well above those of their immigrant counterparts.

Question 2

The income tax levied during the Civil War (186165) was declared constitutional in Springer v U.S. (1881) because it was not a direct tax.
 
  Indicate whether the statement is true or false

[maya.nigrin17@yahoo.com]

Answer to Question 1

(b)

Answer to Question 2

True