Describe one potential artifact (experimenter bias or reactivity) ...

[Capo]

Describe one potential artifact (experimenter bias or reactivity) and how it threatens both the internal and external validity of a study.
 
  What will be an ideal response?

Question 2

In ____, individuals with expertise in the field critique a paper that has been submitted for publication.
 
  a. meta-analyses
 b. peer reviews
 c. evidence-based guidelines
  d. requests for proposals

[anyusername12131]

Answer to Question 1

Experimenter bias occurs when the expectations of the experimenter influence the behaviors and measurements obtained from the participants. This is a threat to external validity because the results are unique to the specific experimenter and would not generalize to others. It also is a threat to internal validity because the results can be explained by the experimenter's influence as well as the actual treatment effects.
Reactivity occurs when participants modify their natural behavior in response to the knowledge that they are participating in a research study. This is a threat to external validity because the same behaviors would not generalize to a natural (non-research) setting. It also is a threat to internal validity because reactivity provides an alternative explanation for the pattern of data that is observed.

Answer to Question 2

b