At McDonald's, economies of scale at the firm level
a. can be traced to factors such as the use of centralized training and common menus for all restaurants
b. exist only in the short run
c. occur above the firm's minimum efficient scale
d. can be traced to the diminishing marginal productivity of a variable resource, such as labor
e. occur over the range of output for which the firm's total cost curve is upward sloping
Question 2
At McDonald's, economies of scale at the plant (or restaurant) level occur
a. over the range of output for which that restaurant's average cost curve is upward sloping
b. over the range of output for which that restaurant's average cost curve is horizontal
c. over the range of output for which that restaurant's average cost curve is downward sloping
d. at all levels of output
e. only in the short run
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