Answer to Question 1
The ancient Greek philosophers believed that human societies inevitably arose, flourished, and declined. They saw the past as better than the degraded present. The theologians and philosophers of medieval Europe and the Islamic world believed that human misery was inevitable and that there was little mortals could do to change things. They tended to believe that social conditions were the result of Divine Providence.
Answer to Question 2
Segregation is the ecological and institutional separation of races or ethnic groups. Segregation may be de jure, that is, supported by laws, or it may be de facto, that is, enforced by unwritten norms that have virtually the same effect as the laws--involuntary separation.
External and cross-sectional view of an infarct caused by a myocardial infarction.
Some of the visual areas that have been identified in the human brain.
Typical life cycle of the tick family.
VIEW OF A MONK'S CELL IN THE MONASTERY OF SAN MARCO, FLORENCE
Posterior view of midbrain in relation to brain stem
Major features of human genome