Answer to Question 1
Sociologist Robert Merton identified four combinations of attitudes and responses. Unprejudiced nondiscriminators are not personally prejudiced and do not discriminate against others. For example, two players on a professional sports team may be best friends although they are of different races. Unprejudiced discriminators may have no personal prejudice but still engage in discriminatory behavior of peer-group pressure or economic, political, or social interests. For example, in some sports, a coach might feel no prejudice toward African American players but believe that white fans will accept only a certain percentage of people of color on the team.
Prejudiced nondiscriminators hold personal prejudices but do not discriminate due to peer pressure, legal demands, or a desire for profits. For example, a coach with prejudiced beliefs may hire an African American player to enhance the team's ability to win. Prejudiced discriminators hold personal prejudices and actively discriminate against others. For example, an umpire who is personally prejudiced against African Americans may intentionally call a play incorrectly based on that prejudice.
Answer to Question 2
b
Relationship between body size and seed size in Galapagos finch species
Robert Campin and workshop, The Annunciation (The Mérode Altarpiece).
A close relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and a country’s gross domestic product
Relationship between Resource Use and Growth
Relationship Between Income per Capita and Population Growth
Infant and Toddler Development and Responsive Program Planning: A Relationship-Based Approach