Author Question: The potential members in a group refers to the ___________ size of a group. a. relative b. ... (Read 217 times)

bclement10 · **on:** Jul 2, 2018

The potential members in a group refers to the ___________ size of a group.

a. relative b. hypothetical
c. absolute d. probable

Question 2

Define the two types of global commodity chains.

What will be an ideal response?

jordangronback · **Reply #1 on:** Jul 2, 2018

Answer to Question 1

a

Answer to Question 2

According to the new international division of labor theory, commodity production is

split into fragments that can be assigned to whichever part of the world can provide the

most profitable combination of capital and labor. The new international division of labor

has changed the pattern of geographic specialization between countries, so that high-

income countries have now become dependent on low-income countries for labor. The

low-income countries provide transnational corporations with cheaper labor, lower

taxes, and fewer regulations regarding workplace conditions and environmental

protection. The global nature of production and consumption has been referred to as

global commodity chains, a complex pattern of international labor and production

processes that results in a finished commodity ready for sale in the marketplace. Some

commodity chains are producer-driven whereas others are buyer-driven. A producer-

driven commodity chain is a process in which transnational corporations play a central

part in controlling the production process. Industries that produce automobiles,

computers, and other capital- and technology-intensive products are typically producer-

driven. In contrast, a buyer-driven commodity chain refers to industries in which large

retailers, brand-name merchandisers, and trading companies set up decentralized

production networks in various middle- and low-income countries. This type of chain is

most common in labor-intensive, consumer-goods industries such as toys, garments,

and footwear. Athletic footwear companies such as Nike and Reebok and clothing

companies like The Gap and Liz Claiborne are examples of the buyer-driven model.

Since these products tend to be labor intensive at the manufacturing stage, the typical

factory system is very competitive and globally decentralized. Workers in buyer-driven

commodity chains are often exploited by low wages, long hours, and poor working

conditions.