Political scientists suggest that all of the following are ...

[student77]

Political scientists suggest that all of the following are reasons why political parties do not measure up to certain ideal-type characteristics EXCEPT that:
 
  a. the two parties do not offer voters clear policy alternatives.
 b. the two parties are oligarchies, dominated by active elites.
 c. party loyalties are declining.
 d. candidates have to rely too heavily on the parties to carry their message to the people.

Question 2

All societies, including the United States, have value contradictions. Define and provide an example of a value contradiction.
 
  What will be an ideal response?

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Answer to Question 1

d

Answer to Question 2

Value contradictions are values that conflict with one another or are

mutually exclusive (achieving one makes it difficult, if not impossible, to

achieve another). Core values of morality and humanitarianism may

conflict with values of individual achievement and success. For example,

in the 1990s, humanitarian values reflected in welfare and other

government aid programs came into conflict with values emphasizing

hard work and personal achievement. Many people are more ambivalent

about helping the poor or homeless than about helping victims of natural

disasters such as floods, hurricanes, or earthquakes in this or other

countries. For example, in the aftermath of the earthquake in Kobe,

Japan, in 1995, some people in the United States viewed economic aid

to Japan more favorably than welfare benefits for unwed mothers in the

U.S. under the age of eighteen.

[student77]

YES! Correct, THANKS for helping me on my review

[amit]

Gracias!