When Lani has an unpleasant task to complete, such as writing a term paper, she sets up rewards for herself. When she completes her outline, she watches TV for one hour. When she completes the rough draft, she spends an evening relaxing with her friends. When she finishes the final draft, she goes to the mall and purchases a CD she has been wanting. Lani's behavior is best explained by the ____.
a. instinct doctrine
b. arousal theory
c. drive reduction theory
d. incentive theory
Question 2
The anchoring and adjustment heuristic is a decision-making heuristic in which:
A) a presumption or first estimate serves as a cognitive bias.
B) our estimates of frequency or probability are based on how easy it is to find examples of relevant events.
C) our estimates about events are based on the populations of events that they appear to represent.
D) a decision is based solely on the most recently available evidence.
A complete cranium of Australopithecus afarensis from Hadar, Ethiopia.
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