Answer to Question 1
(1) Traditional online learning: students enrolled in a particular college attend online lectures. (2) MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses): college classes are offered to anyone who enrolls. (3) Industrial model: students bypass college, take a nano course, get a certificate, and in a few weeks they qualify for a job.
Answer to Question 2
They (1) had a great deal of confidence in their abilities; (2) set goals for themselves and measured their progress; (3) promoted themselves; (4) identified gatekeepers to advancement and made themselves noticeable; and (5) identified a need, sold management on it, and successfully met that need.
