Answer to Question 1
The two variables that are related to the patterns of religious affiliation in the U.S. are social class and race/ethnicity. Persons from higher socioeconomic classes tend to affiliate with Episcopalians and Judaism while those in the lower socioeconomic strata are more likely to be Baptists and Evangelicals. With the exception of Roman Catholics, upwardly mobile groups will change their denominations to those predominant in the newer social class group. Race and ethnicity tend to form clusters with specific religious denominations. Latino, Irish, French, Polish and Italian ethnics tend to be Roman Catholics, African-Americans tend to be Protestants.
Answer to Question 2
With the development of efficient transportation, increasing numbers of people left the city and moved to towns next to the cities they worked in. As people moved out, businesses and jobs followed this migration. As a result the city's tax base shrank and affected the ability of city governments to provide amenities and basic services. Suburbanites tend to reject any proposals to share the revenues in the suburbs with the city and oppose allowing urban and suburban governments' joint control over the people and businesses making up a contiguous area. As this shift occurred, the highly disadvantaged were left behind, resulting in the transformation of the inner city into a ghetto.
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