Answer to Question 1
The early theorists argued that individuals were transformed by crowds. Charles Mackay felt that ordinary people developed a herd mentality, and did wild things when they were in a crowd. Gustave LeBon built on this idea. He suggested that crowds make people feel anonymous and not responsible for what they do. They even develop feelings of invincibility and think they can do almost anything. A collective mind develops and people are vulnerable to any suggestions. Robert Park proposed that social unrest is communicated back-and- forth between members of a crowd. He termed this communication circular reaction. This circular reaction leads to collective impulses, a slightly different term for LeBon's collective mind.
Answer to Question 2
Proposed solutions include establish higher standards for both teachers and students; establish a secure learning environment that makes students feel safe; offer competitive salaries to attract brighter, more energetic graduates; develop a mandatory, straightforward, measurement of high school graduation for all states.
Four cheetahs at Serengeti National Park, Tanzania
Othniel Charles Marsh
Chimpanzees live in complex kin groups in which lifelong bonds and individual personalities play key
A pedigree for albinism collected in the early years of the twentieth century by Charles Davenport,
Elephant (Loxodonta africana) herd drinking at water hole. Etosha National Park, Namibia.