Answer to Question 1
Biotechnology is the use of organisms or parts of organisms to make products or carry out tasks. Biotechnology is based on a very important discovery: the identification in 1953 of the nature of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as the basic genetic material that is found in each cell and that contains the blueprint for the entire organism. DNA has been mapped and cataloged with great precision. By manipulating DNA, scientists have been able to create organisms that perform new tasks or that produce substances they would not normally produce.
Answer to Question 2
Tracking, or ability grouping, refers to clustering people together into classes or tracks within classes that contain students of comparable abilities or students with similar educational goals (for example, academic versus nonacademic tracks). Tracking is done in some cases on the assumption that students will be better able to learn if they are in a classroom with others who have equal ability. In other cases, the tracking is based on directing students into curricular paths where it is presumed they are capable of succeeding. Decisions about tracking are based on the student's performance in class or on standardized tests, the teachers' judgments about students, and, in some cases, the student and her or his parents' choices.
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