Ottoman decline was caused by all except
a. a decline of competence within the ruling family.
b. internal decay of the ruling elite.
c. the Europeanization of the Turkish upper classes.
d. a decrease in the involvement of the rulers in the activities of the government, thus enabling the Sublime Porte to become more powerful.
e. conquest of Constantinople by Great Britain and France in the Crimean War.
Question 2
Women in Ottoman society
a. had considerable political influence if they were queen mothers.
b. were given much more freedom in the economic sphere than those of Vietnam.
c. had no political influence, as was shown by the fate Suleyman the Magnificent's mother.
d. who lived in the harem were abused sexually by the sultan and his male friends and, at times, even by enlisted army personnel.
e. served as royal bodyguards and, if slaves, were used to produce royal heirs.
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Mount Pinatubo caused ~1˚C cooling for up to 5 years
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