In each of the situations below, a student's behavior is affected by one of the following phenomena: positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, vicarious reinforcement, or vicarious punishment.
For each situation: (1) identify which one of the phenomena just listed is affecting the student's behavior, and (2) explain why you made the choice you did.
a. Because John was caught cheating on an exam, he was removed from the basketball team. John has stopped cheating on exams.
b. Mary sees her friend Judy get special privileges when she talks very sweetly to the teacher. As a result, Mary begins to sweet-talk the teacher as well.
c. Ralph brings his science project in a week late. The only reason he did his project at all is because he wanted his mother to stop nagging him about it.
Question 2
Three of the teachers below are using strategies appropriate for a culturally diverse classroom. With the textbook's discussion of cultural diversity in mind,
identify the teacher who is probably not promoting the classroom success of some of her students.
a. Ms. Andreas forms small, multicultural groups in which students describe and compare their perspectives about a recent international conflict.
b. Ms. Boynton uses competitive activities to get all students motivated to do their best.
c. Ms. Champas explores the ways in which children from different backgrounds are alike as well as different.
d. Ms. Delaney makes sure she presents both the American and Mexican views of the Mexican-American War.
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