Three of the following alternatives illustrate prosocial behavior. Which one does not necessarily involve prosocial behavior?
a. Ashley lends a shoulder to cry on when Sarah breaks up with her boyfriend.
b. Bruce shares his lunch with a classmate who forgot hers.
c. Carla and Suellen cooperate on their history project.
d. Dustin asks Maura if she will let him copy her homework.
Question 2
Which one of the following accurately describes the difference between negative reinforcement and punishment?
a. Negative reinforcement is essentially the same as punishment, but without the negative connotations that punishment has.
b. Negative reinforcement increases the frequency of behavior, whereas punishment decreases it.
c. Negative reinforcement always decreases the frequency of behavior, whereas punishment often increases it.
d. Both consequences decrease behavior, but punishment is more likely to make students angry and defiant.
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