After extensive job cuts to reduce costs, upper level managers are spending significant amounts of time solving problems in the production units. Lower level managers are resentful that they cannot make decisions for their own units.
What recommendation would you make for this firm?
A) Reorganize; departmentalize around customers instead of products.
B) Formalize; write explicit job descriptions, rules, and procedures so the upper managers won't have to decide each case individually.
C) Centralize; create a department that does nothing but make decisions.
D) Decentralize; give authority to the lower level managers regarding events in their own units.
Question 2
The fact that Monica's signature is required on all documents and her word is the last word on all decisions relating to her department suggests that ________.
A) her employer has a centralized structure
B) her employer has a decentralized structure
C) her employer has a simple structure
D) her employer has an organic structure
Organisms exhibit a diversity of behaviours, which include (clockwise from upper left), foraging and
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