Answer to Question 1
The social environment and past behaviors affect the motivational level of the job. Both social environment and past behaviors vary with the individual.
Workers' perceptions of the motivation offered by their jobs are influenced by information from other people and by workers' own past behaviors. The other individuals that workers meet on the job provide information about what aspects of their jobs they should pay attention to and how they should evaluate their jobs and work outcomes. The actions and conversations of coworkers, supervisors, and other individuals at work cue the worker as to what is important and what is not important and how various behaviors will be evaluated, rewarded, or punished.
Past behaviors also play a role in the social information processing model. The workers' past behaviors aid in shaping how they view their current jobs and work outcomes. A current outcome may be more valued because of all the sacrifices made to achieve it; these help to justify the sacrifice. Similarly, outcomes may be less valued if they are the result of little or no choice by the individual.
Answer to Question 2
A
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