The post hoc fallacy in research refers to
a. interpreting a relationship between two variables in an ex post facto study as a cause-effect relationship.
b. using statistical tests to locate the significant differences between groups following an analysis of covariance in ex post facto research.
c. failing to control for other independent variables that could influence the results.
d. failing to state alternative hypotheses that could account for an observed relationship.
Question 2
Identify the threats to internal validity illustrated in the examples below. More low achievers than other students drop out of an individualized reading program designed to lead to gains in reading achievement.
a. experimental mortality
b. reactive effect of testing
c. statistical regression
d. maturation
e. instrumentation
Position of the lungs within the thoracic cavity; anterior view illustrating regions of the lungs an
Relationship of the electrocardiogram to electrical conduction in the heart
The overlapping relationship among research, evidence-based practice
Blood pressure and blood volume relationship
Age-Crime Relationship in (a) 1842 and (b) 1992
Relationship of Sun Angle and Solar Radiation