Answer to Question 1
Involves a strong emotional attachment to the goals of the organization and the aims of the change effort.
Involvement Involves a willingness to participate in the behaviors being called for by the change effort.
Support Involves speaking on behalf of the change effort without taking any other explicit actions to promote the effort.
Apathy Represents a neutral zone in which individuals know about the change effort and engage in no behavior either to support or oppose it.
Passive resistance A mild form of opposition that involves a willingness to voice reservation or even threatening to resign if the change goes through.
Active resistance Involves behaviors that block or impede change, usually by behaving in ways that contradict the goals of the change effort.
Aggressive resistance Involves purposeful sabotage and subversion of the change effort.
Answer to Question 2
Individuals may be satisfied with the status quo. Because their needs are being met, they may view any potential change as negative.
Individuals may view change as a threat, fearing it will adversely affect them in some significant way.
Individuals may understand that change brings both benefits and costs but feel that the costs far outweigh the benefits.
Individuals may view change as potentially positive but may still resist because they believe that the organization's management is mishandling the change process.
Individuals may believe in the change effort but still believe that the change is not likely to succeed.
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