The null hypothesis that is appropriate to state with a directional research hypothesis asserts that
a. the independent variable has no effect.
b. chance alone is responsible for the observed differences between conditions.
c. the independent variable does not have an effect in the direction predicted by the research hypothesis (H1).
d. b and c.
Question 2
If the research hypothesis states that alcohol affects short-term memory, the null hypothesis states
a. alcohol does not decrease short-term memory.
b. alcohol decreases short-term memory.
c. alcohol has no effect on short-term memory.
d. alcohol increases short-term memory.
Research Methods
Research Methods
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