Answer to Question 1
Inter-enterprise information systems are information systems that are shared by two or
more independent organizations. Such systems typically involve thousands of users, and
solutions to problems require cooperation among different, usually independently owned,
organizations. Problems are resolved by meeting, contract, and sometimes by litigation. Because
of the wide span, complexity, and multiple companies involved, such systems can be
exceedingly difficult to change. The interaction of independently owned and operated
information systems is required.
Answer to Question 2
Enterprise information systems are information systems that span an organization and
support activities in multiple departments. For example, at a hospital, doctors, nurses, the
pharmacy, the kitchen, and others use information systems to track patients, treatments,
medications, diets, room assignments, and so forth.
Enterprise information systems typically have hundreds to thousands of users. Procedures are
formalized and extensively documented; users undergo formal procedure training. Sometimes
enterprise systems include categories of procedures, and users are defined according to levels of
expertise with the system as well as by levels of security authorization. The solutions to
problems in an enterprise system usually involve more than one department. Because enterprise
systems span many departments and involve potentially thousands of users, they are very
difficult to change. Changes must be carefully planned, cautiously implemented, and users given
considerable training. Sometimes users are given incentives and other inducements to motivate
them to change.
Healed bone fractures can provide clues about activities and fresh fractures can yield information a
Organ Systems
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The science-based DRIs serve as the basis for information
Results from Kliegl's study show that older adults can learn complex information-processing